Didactics
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Lecturer: prof. Adam Prahl, PhD, DSc
Chemical nomenclature, electronic structure of organic compounds, atomic and molecular orbitals, hybridization, isomerism (constitutional, stereoisomerism). Alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes: preparation and reactivity. Radical substitution, addition to multiple bonds. Structure and stability of radicals and carbocations, regrouping of carbocations. Conjugated diene, resonance. Electrophilic addition to alkynes. Stereochemistry: chiral centers, enantiomers, diastereoisomers, meso compounds, racemic mixtures and their separation. Conformational analysis of cyclohexane. Aromatic compounds. Aromaticity criterion. Aromatic electrophilic substitution. Isomerism of multi-substituted aromatic compounds. Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution of aromatic compounds. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Alcohols, phenols, ethers and epoxides, their synthesis and reactivity. Reactions with alkyl halides, dehydration, reactions with metals, oxidation, acylation. Nucleophilic substitution: SN1 and SN2. Elimination reactions: E1 and E2 - mechanism and stereochemistry. Aldehydes and ketones. Structure and properties of the carbonyl group. Nucleophilic addition of water, alcohols, amines and Grignard compounds to the carbonyl group. Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Wittig reaction. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Synthesis of carboxylic acids and their reactivity. Esterification reactions, formation of acid halides, anhydrides, amides, etc. Substitution at the acyl group. Keto-enol tautomerism. Use of ethyl acetate and diethyl malonate in organic synthesis. Condensation reactions e.g.: aldol, Claisen, Michael addition and similar reactions. Amines, basicity and nucleophilicity. Synthesis and reactions of amines. Heterocyclic compounds. Structure and nomenclature. Reactions with electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents, oxidation and reduction, acid-base properties. Organophosphorus compounds, halogen acids and hydroxy acids, amino acids and peptides.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOPEPTIDES AND THEIR PRECURSORS
Lecturer: prof. Adam Prahl, PhD, DSc
Characterization of amino acids and sugars, synthesis of peptides, glycoproteins and simple sugar compounds, characterization of methods for purification and identification of biomolecules (chromatography, electrophoresis, IR, UV-VIS, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry), role and functions of peptides, proteins, sugars and glycoproteins in the body, characterization of selected peptides and sugars. Basic types of sugars and peptides, introduction of appropriate covers to sugars and peptides to obtain the required precursors of glycopeptides, types of chemical reactions leading to the preparation of glycoproteins, methods of analysis and separation of glycopeptides.
METHODS OF SYNTHESIS AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEINS AND GLYCOPROTEINS
Lecturer: prof. Adam Prahl, PhD, DSc