Description of subjects
Discription of subjects
2nd DEGREE (2-year supplementary master's DEGREE)
SEMESTER 2 (summer)
Lecture 30
Lecturer: dr Barbara Dmochowska
Physical methods of testing the structure of the sugar molecule. Infrared spectroscopy. Features of IR spectra of free sugars and their derivatives. Tracking the completeness of the response. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Examination of the structure of the furanozoic and pyrannotic ring, the anomeric configuration, the sugar ring conformation, the composition of the balance mixture. 1H-NMR single- and two-dimensional spectra, 13C-NMR broadband and two-dimensional heteronuclear). Spectropolarimetry. ORD and CD spectra in anomeric configuration studies. Conformations of furanose rings and cyclic unsaturated systems and some ways of their testing.
Skills and competences: Description of the structure, chemical and physico-chemical properties of sugars and their derivatives.
L 30, S 30
Lecturer: dr hab. Beata Liberek, prof. UG
Skills and competences: Description of mechanisms of reaction in organic chemistry, understanding of issues concerning various regroupations, knowledge of methods of testing reaction mechanisms, ability to interpret oxidation and reduction processes in organic chemistry.
SEMESTER 3 (winter)
Lecture 30
Lecturer: dr hab. Andrzej Nowacki
Particle architecture, basic issues and concepts related to stereochemistry. Nature of spatial isomers; barriers to the transformation between spatial isomers. Symmetry: Symmetry elements, symmetry operators; point groups of symmetry containing chiral particles, point groups containing only achiral particles, symmetry and molecular properties (spillover, dipole moment). Configuration: Relative and absolute, methods for determining absolute configuration. The properties of stereoisomers and their differentiation: the nature of racemates and their enantiomeric components; the biological properties of stereoisomers, the origin of enantiomeric uniformity in nature, chiral drugs. Separation of the stereosomes. Racemisation. Prostereoisomer and prochirality: Meaning, homophobic and heterotopic ligands and parties (homophobic ligands and parties, enantipotic ligands and parties, diasteretopic ligands and parties), heterotopic and NMR, heterotopic and reactions catalyzed by enzymes, heterotopic versus stereoselective synthesis. Stereochemistry of alkenes: the nature of CIS-trans isomeries, double bonds C= N and N = N, determination of CIS-trans isomeric configurations (chemical and physical methods), mutual transformation of CIS-trans isomers. Conformation of chain molecules: Conformation of alkanes and their derivatives substituted with polar substituents, formation of unsaturated acyclic compounds, equilibrium of diastereomers in acyclic systems, physical and spectral properties of diastereisomers and conformers, conformation and reactivity. Ring molecules of different sizes - conformation and configuration: Determination of the configuration of substituted ring compounds, conformation aspects of the chemistry of ring compounds, stress in ring molecules, conformation and physical properties, conformation and reactivity, conjugated and bridge polycyclic molecules. Stereo-selective and stereospecific synthesis: A diastereselective synthesis based on chiral substrates of natural origin, enantiselective synthesis. Spectropolarimetry: Optical activity, dispersion of optical rotation of the ORD, circular dichroism of the CD, applications of the ORD and CD (determination of configuration and conformation). Chirality in molecules without centers of chirality: Allen (cumulation); spirants; biphenyls, helicens, particles with planar chirality (cyclophane, annulenes, trans-cycloalkene, metallocene).
Skills and competences: Knowledge of stereochemistry issues, use of stereochemistry terminology, ability to determine relative and absolute configuration, distinguish stereoisomers and determine their properties, use of spectropolarimetry.
SEMESTER 4 (summer)
Lecture 30
Lecturer: dr hab. Janusz Madaj, prof. UG
The use of glycales in sugar chemistry. Intracellular functions of N-glycans. Configuration and conformation of pyranose ring on the example of 3-azido-2.3-dideoxyhexpiranosides of methyl. Quaternary N-D-glucopyranosylammonium salts. Quaternary N-glycoammonium salts. Alditole and anhydroalditole. Glycosides synthesis. Strategies for the synthesis of oligosaccharides. Kinetics of formation and isomerisation of glycosides. Molecular modeling in sugar chemistry services. Amino-function covers in amino-sugars. Anti-cancer antibiotics. Methods of synthesis of L-hydroxyamino acid glycosides.
Skills and competences: Knowledge of modern methods of obtaining various derivatives of sugars, including glycosides, alditoli, anhydroalditoli and ammonium salts; the importance and application of sugar derivatives.